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May 09, 2017· Authoritarian leaders often disregard followers' suggestions and discount their contributions (Aryee et al., 2007 obligations or promises, the psychological contract violation occurs (Turnley et al., 2003 with the recommendations of ethics committee of China University of Mining and Technology with written informed consent from all
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2012. Exposure and toxic effects of elemental mercury in gold-mining activities in Ecuador. Toxicology Letters 213:75-82. 11. Tomicic C, Vernez D, Belem T, Berode M. 2011. Human mercury exposure associated with small-scale gold mining in Burkina Faso. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 84(5):539-46. 12.
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Dec 01, 2014· According to Aryee et al. (2003), problems associated with mining, especially small-scale mining in Ghana for example, can be quite substantial. This is because,
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whether Galamsey mining is a mere act of illegality or if it is the by-product of social injustices meted out to the vulnerable in mining communities. 1.1 The Case of Ghana According to Aryee et al. (2003) illegal mining can be described as mining operations carried
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al., 2003). In small scale gold mining, minerals are mostly extracted from alluvial deposits along waterways. Rudimentary tools such as chisels, hammers, shovels, the ore (Aryee et al., 2003). The gold is then extracted by crushing and grinding the ore, followed by the addition of mercury to form an amalgam which is roasted to get the metal
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In China, for example, the arti- mercury contamination of soils and water (Aryee et al., 2003; sanal and small scale mining sector employed over 5 million Babut et al., 2003; Hilson, 2002; Bonzongo et al., 2003).
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Mining is an activity that promoting development booms but can bring impact to the environment with the extent of damage that depend on the type of mining and processing methods being used (Aryee et al. 2003; Chakravarty et. al., 2012). The extent of
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mining, where these impacts although managed, occur as a result of the size of operations, and small-scale mining which employs unconventional extraction and processing methods (Amoah, 2016). These unconventional techniques of mining suggest a general difficulty in achieving environmental quality in the country (Amegbey et al., 1997; Aryee et
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Jan 01, 2016· The small mining sector in Ghana is reported to contribute significantly to the growth of the country (Amankwah et al., 2015, Aryee et al., 2003, Hilson, 2006, Yakovleva, 2007). It offers direct or indirect employment to mostly unskilled or less-skilled individuals from the rural communities where they are practiced, as watchmen, mechanics
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Over the past decade a limited number of studies have been conducted to investigate the applicability of seismic exploration methods to the mineral industry, among these are the Louvicourt mine (Val d'Or, Quebec; Adam et al., 2004), the Matagami mine in Quebec (Adam et al., 2003), Halfmile Lake in New Brunswick (Salisbury et al., 2003) and the Sudbury area (Milkereit et al., 2000).
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Although the small-scale mining is a lucrative business, the practice is a dangerous activity as heavy metals are released to the environment (Aryee et al., 2003). However, once mining has taken
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09-05-2017· Previous research has identified some personality variables which may relate to authoritarian leadership, such as supervisors' machiavellianism (Kiazad et al., 2010), need for personalized power (Aryee et al., 2007) and narcissism (Conger and Kanungo, 1998).
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24-08-2003· Models for the processes by which ideas and influence propagate through a social network have been studied in a number of domains, including the diffusion of medical and technological innovations, the sudden and widespread adoption of various strategies in game-theoretic settings, and the effects of "word of mouth" in the promotion of new products.
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By nature, mining involves the production of large quantities of waste, in some cases contributing significantly to a nation's total waste output. For example, a large proportion of the materials flows inputs and outputs in the United States can be attributed to fossil fuels, coal, and metal mining (Matthews et al., 2000:107). The amount of waste
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May 09, 2017· Authoritarian leaders often disregard followers' suggestions and discount their contributions (Aryee et al., 2007 obligations or promises, the psychological contract violation occurs (Turnley et al., 2003 with the recommendations of ethics committee of China University of Mining and Technology with written informed consent from all
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surface and underground environments (Aryee et al. 2003). As a result of secession of South Sudan in 2011 and loss of petroleum money which contributed 50% of the GPD, the contribution of gold to national economy has come at the right time to save the economy from collapse.
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similar in many other African countries, others (e.g., Aryee et al., 2003; Geenen, 2012) are of the view that the process is meant to minimize corruption, and promote efficiency and effectiveness in the acquisition of the legal (approved) license. The above notwithstanding, it appears that illegal
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Oct 29, 2013· on ASM in Sierra Leone; and Aryee et al. (2003), Hilson and Potter (2005), Banchirigah (2008), Aubynn (2009), Hilson and Banchirigah (2009), Nyame et al. (2009), and Nyame and Grant (2012) on ASM in Ghana. 5 It has been estimated that only about 10–15% of ASM operators in Ghana are
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01-03-2008· As Aryee et al. (2003) point out, the law now requires prospective small-scale miners to secure licenses, which Ghanaian nationals aged 18 years or older are only eligible to obtain. To facilitate registration, the Minerals Commission has seven regional district centres, whose officers make an initial assessment of applications before forwarding them to Accra for a final decision.
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many scholars (e.g. Aryee et al. 2003; Yelpaala and Ali 2005; Hilson and Pardie 2006) to conclude that the sector is 'poverty-driven' . This runs counter to the prevailing position in many policymaking circles, which is that people engage in ASM solely because of a desire
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